The Articles of Confederation created the first U.S. government, establishing a weak national government with most power held by the states. It reflects a strong fear of centralized power after breaking away from Britain.
Weak National Government: The national government had very limited powers and most authority was given to state governments. There was also no executive or judicial branch.
State Sovereignty: Each state kept its independence and power. States act like their own countries and Congress could not force states to follow laws.
Congress had the powers to declare war, make treaties, and borrow money, however, they could not tax citizens, regulate interstate or foreign trade, or enforce laws. This resulted in a unicameral legislature with one legislative body, and each state had only one vote in congress, which was inaccurate representation of their populations.
Weaknesses of the Articles
- No power to tax
- No executive branch
- No national court systems
- Difficult to pass laws (9/13 states needed)
- Very hard to amend (13/13 states required)
Shay’s Rebellion (1786-1787): Farmers protested economic conditions and debt. The national government could not respond effectively, which showed the need for a stronger central government.
Congrats on reading about the foundation of our first government.